• br Materials and methods br Functional demonstrations

  2024-12-02

  

  Materials and methods Functional demonstrations of ACh/GABA cotransmission The cotransmission of GABA and ACh has been best characterized in starburst amacrine cells (SACs) of the retina. SACs are a subtype of amacrine cell, a diverse set of retinal interneurons that are crucial for processing

• AXL is a member of the TAM Tyro Axl Mer

  2024-12-02

  

  AXL is a member of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) [4]. Elevated AXL expression could promote oncogenic processes such as cell growth, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which substantially contribute to tumor progression and poo

• The growth of cancer can control

  2024-12-02

  

  The growth of cancer can control by inhibiting the rate of cell proliferation or increasing the rate of selective apoptosis and effectiveness of anticancer agents varies according to genetic constitution of cancer. Hence, we investigated the anticancer activity of arginase against different kinds of

• Arginase deficiency is a rare urea

  2024-12-02

  

  Arginase deficiency is a rare urea cycle disorder with hyperargininemia and profound neurological impairment as hallmark features. Arginase-1-deficient mouse models have been created, and they exhibit a profound lethal phenotype approximately 2 weeks after birth in the global knockout (KO) mice or a

• br Asthma The chronic airway inflammatory disease asthma is

  2024-12-02

  

  Asthma The chronic airway inflammatory disease c-di-AMP sale is associated with enhanced levels of exhaled NO generated by iNOS in the airway epithelium [12]. In asthmatic patients local and systemic changes in iNOS, peroxynitrite, arginase, ADMA and arginine levels have been observed and are ass

• The crucial role of AP in establishing

  2024-12-02

  

  The crucial role of AP-1 in establishing and maintaining cell type-specific gene expression programs and cell identity is further apparent during reprogramming of mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) into iPSCs with either Oct4/Sox2/Klf4/cMyc (OSKM ) factors , or chemicals . Using ATAC-seq to profile chr

• Interestingly metabolic dysfunction is also observed in amyo

  2024-11-29

  

  Interestingly, metabolic dysfunction is also observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Patients and mouse models of familial ALS exhibit higher levels of resting coelenterazine mg expenditure and lower fat-free mass, indicating a hypermetabolic phenotype. Lim et al. (2012) found that reducin

• Analysis of the crystal structures of LAPs from E

  2024-11-29

  

  Analysis of the crystal structures of LAPs from E. coli[29], bovine eye lens [30], Pseudomonas putida[27], tomato [31] and P. falciparum[32] revealed that the monomer of M17-family LAP is composed of two domains: the smaller, variable N-terminal domain and the larger, conserved C-terminal domain tha

• Compelling evidence now indicates that DR

  2024-11-29

  

  Compelling evidence now indicates that DR is a multifactorial disease that involves chronic inflammation at every stage, from initiation to progression and eventually to ischemia and NV [6,7]. Data from animal studies suggest that leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and entrapment (leukostasis) are

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported

  2024-11-29

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (S) (20229008) (to T.K.), Targeted Proteins Research Program (to T.K.), the Global COE Research Program (to T.K.) and Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (to T.K.) from the Ministry of Education, Cul

• br AChE variants and their functions

  2024-11-29

  

  AChE variants and their functions The AChE gene generates several splice variants of AChE which are designated as hydrophobic (H), readthrough (R) and tailed (T) forms differing in membrane association and also localisation on a tissue and sub-cellular level. They all undergo significant posttran

• br Interaction between ASK and

  2024-11-28

  

  Interaction between ASK1 and TRX Thioredoxins are small (∼12kDa) dithiol oxidoreductases ubiquitously expressed in species ranging from plants to archaea and mammals. They perform various biological functions, such as reducing protein disulfide bonds, supplying reducing equivalents to redox neura

• br Introduction Arginase deficiency is

  2024-11-28

  

  Introduction Arginase deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder resulting from a loss of arginase 1 (ARG1), the final enzyme in the urea cycle, which is the major pathway for the detoxification of ammonia in terrestrial mammals. ARG1 is expressed most prevalently in hepatocytes and red blood cells.

• ARG I is one of the most important mammalian enzymes

  2024-11-28

  

  ARG I is one of the most important mammalian enzymes responsible for nitrogen metabolism since it comprises the main route for the elimination of excess nitrogen resulting from amino Medroxyprogesterone receptor and nucleotide metabolism [18]. ARG I deficiency leads to hyperargininemia, characteriz

• AT signaling is distinct to that of AT

  2024-11-28

  

  AT2 signaling is distinct to that of AT1 (Kaschina and Unger, 2003). As shown here, opposite to the stimulating effect of AT1 signaling, it inhibits apelin secretion. Activation of AT2 receptor, which is also G-protein coupled, is known to decrease cAMP and cGMP levels by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase

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