• Whereas allostery in the cell is relatively

  2023-03-20

  

  Whereas allostery in the β cell is relatively understudied, significant progress has been made in understanding the physiology and mechanistic biology of how AMPK and its upstream kinases govern β cell function. LKB1 phosphorylates AMPKα at Thr172 [21], and loss of LKB1 in β cells abolishes phosphor

• br Regulation of BCAA catabolism The BCAA catabolic system

  2023-03-20

  

  Regulation of BCAA catabolism The BCAA catabolic system is equipped in mammalian cells to dispose of excess BCAAs, presumably resulting in relatively stable concentrations of BCAAs in blood and tissues in humans. The main BCAA catabolic pathway is localized in the mitochondria of all tissues. The

• Mechanistically NAergic signaling in the VTA modulates

  2023-03-20

  

  Mechanistically, NAergic signaling in the VTA modulates neuronal activity presumably via α1-AR. The majority of α1-ARs are found in the VTA are located presynaptically on unmyelinated PFI-1 and axon terminals of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. However, α1-ARs are also found on neuronal dendrit

• APPL was the first adaptor protein identified

  2023-03-20

  

  APPL1 was the first adaptor protein identified that interacts directly with adiponectin receptors [18]. A two-hybrid study by Dong and colleagues revealed that the C-terminal extracellular domain of AdipoR1 interacts with adiponectin, whereas the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain of AdipoR1 interacts wi

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Autoantibodies directed

  2023-03-20

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Autoantibodies directed at neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels are pathogenic and/or biomarkers in several autoimmune neurological diseases [1]. For example, autoantibodies directed against voltage-gated potassium channels, the P/Q-type (α1A) voltage-gated

• The adult muscle type acetylcholine receptor

  2023-03-17

  

  The adult muscle-type Fisetin receptor receptor (AChR), the exemplar pLGIC, is a heteropentamer comprising two α subunits, and one each of the β, δ, and ɛ subunits (Sine, 2012). These five subunits come together in a counterclockwise α-ɛ-α-δ-β arrangement (Figure 1A). Binding of acetylcholine to th

• We demonstrate a role for low

  2023-03-17

  

  We demonstrate a role for low oxygen to regulate ATX mRNA in hepatocyte-derived HuH7 Tamoxifen and human liver slices, consistent with reports of increased ATX expression in a variety of tumours that are frequently hypoxic. Importantly, we show a positive association between elevated ATX mRNA level

• The skin permeability barrier is important for the preventio

  2023-03-17

  

  The skin permeability barrier is important for the prevention of loss of water and electrolytes from inside the body and for protection against the invasion of external pathogens, allergens, and harmful compounds. Multi-layered lipids, called lipid lamellae, are present in the outermost cell layer o

• br Results br Discussion br STAR Methods br Author

  2023-03-17

  

  Results Discussion STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank Angela Walker for assistance with the manuscript; Junlin Liu, Xiangxiang Gu, Na Chen, Lu Xue, and the BV Core Facility of iHuman Institute for their support; scientists and colleagues at Amgen Inc., Zhulun W

• br Conclusion br Introduction Breast

  2023-03-17

  

  Conclusion Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women [1,2]. There were about 1.7 million new cases of breast cancer worldwide in 2012 [3], and the number of new cases of female breast cancer is expected to increase to 3.2 mi

• The reception of antiangiogenic treatment in neuro oncology

  2023-03-17

  

  The reception of antiangiogenic treatment in neuro-oncology has yet to achieve the wide success rapidly accomplished for other malignancies. In 1984, mutated receptor tyrosine kinase became a culprit for aberrant tumorigenesis signal, providing a target for monoclonal serine threonine protein kinase

• Therefore in the present study we first

  2023-03-17

  

  Therefore, in the present study, we first examined the ATRAP oxytocin antagonist in human leukocytes of healthy subjects. We next analyzed possible relevant clinical factors affecting ATRAP expression in leukocytes of patients with NCDs. Furthermore, we examined the possible effect of ATRAP downreg

• In the largest postmortem study of autopsied

  2023-03-17

  

  In the largest postmortem study of 3618 autopsied individuals, almost 75% of the individuals without Aβ pathology already harbored cortical NFT pathology mostly confined to the medial temporal regions (Murray et al., 2015). In Braak's study of 2366 autopsied individuals (Braak and Del Tredici, 2014)

• br Results br Discussion Cardiac dysfunction common complica

  2023-03-17

  

  Results Discussion Cardiac dysfunction, common complication of severe sepsis, is one cause of death in intensive care units. Accumulated evidence revealed the regulatory effect of autophagy on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction [15], [22], although the mechanisms in young and aging are not elu

• Acetaminophen N acetyl p aminophenol AAP

  2023-03-17

  

  Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, AAP) (Fig. 1) is a medically important, low cost, readily available and commonly used over the counter analgesic and antipyretic drug [18,19]. Acetaminophen monotherapy is efficient and is safer than Aspirin and Ibuprofen [20]. The efficacy and tolerability in

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