• The surprising finding of our study

  2025-02-06

  

  The surprising finding of our study is that human M1 macrophages stimulated by LPS express ALOX15B to high levels. So far 12/15-lipoxygenase activity was only reported for IL-4 stimulated anti-phlogistic M2 macrophages [9] but not for the classically activated M1 macrophages. Our data suggest that s

• Because ASK signaling in microglia and astrocytes is importa

  2025-02-06

  

  Because ASK1 signaling in microglia and astrocytes is important during EAE, we hypothesized that a combination therapy that targets T cells along with microglia and astrocytes would further ameliorate the severity of EAE. We tested this hypothesis by applying valproic SANT-1 (VPA)—a short-chain fat

• br Apelin Discovered in apelin

  2025-02-06

  

  Apelin Discovered in 1998, apelin was initially identified as the sole endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor (Tatemoto et al., 1998). Apelin-77 (pre-pro-apelin) is the precursor for various pharmacologically active apelin isoforms (e.g. apelin-12, -13, -17 and 36), and it shares 75–95% sequence

• hydroxylase The reasons why antibiotic treatment may be detr

  2025-02-05

  

  The reasons why antibiotic treatment may be detrimental are diverse. First, it may result in disruption of multifaceted microbe–microbe, as well as microbe–host, interactions that are key for the maintenance of homeostasis within this ecosystem. This can lead to the expansion of pathogenic microorga

• In the present study a splice acceptor site

  2025-02-05

  

  In the present study, a splice acceptor site mutation (c.1769-1G > C) was identified in AR gene from patients with CAIS. The c.1769-1G > C mutation results in replacement of the normal sequence (CAG/G) with a new sequence (CAC/G) at the splice acceptor site of intron 2. In the splice acceptor site r

• Several mechanisms of Cd induced carcinogenicity have been r

  2025-02-05

  

  Several mechanisms of Cd-induced carcinogenicity have been reported and are comprehensively summarized by Hartwig [32]. As early as 1980, basic science studies supported a role for endocrine disruption of AR by Cd. Donovan et al. [33], using extracts of mouse prostate cytosol, showed Cd to be the mo

• Platelet derived growth factor PDGF and ciliary neurotrophic

  2025-02-05

  

  Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) are expressed by glial ace inhibitor and are important to neuron survival and the maintenance of oligodendrocytes. These neurotrophic factors contribute to the remyelination process by increasing the proliferation of oligo

• So far many independent studies have linked cholesterol meta

  2025-02-05

  

  So far, many independent studies have linked cholesterol metabolism–related genes with AD, either by showing associations with specific polymorphisms or with differential CP-809101 hydrochloride levels (Beecham et al., 2014, Blain and Poirier, 2004, Lambert et al., 2009, Lambert et al., 2013, Leduc

• As we previously observed in the NSFT

  2025-02-05

  

  As we previously observed in the NSFT (Fukumoto et al., 2014), the effect of LY341495 in the FST was also inhibited by a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, indicating the role of the 5-HT1A receptor in the actions of LY341495. Among the 5-HT1A receptors, which exist both presynaptically and postsynapticall

• Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well characteri

  2025-02-05

  

  Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well characterised (for review see Ref. [1]), production of soluble AChE species is less well understood although we have reported that a metalloproteinase can shed AChE similarly to APP [16], [17]. Recently it has also been demonstrated that cellular pre

• Our co IP data show that HT

  2025-02-05

  

  Our co-IP data show that 5HT1A or 5HT2A receptors do not heterodimerize with mGluR1α receptors. Given that both 5-HT and mGlu receptors are GPCRs and produce anxiolytic effects, a degree of cooperativity via a functional cross-talk may still exist between these receptors [11]. In addition to the fun

• Finasteride was the first steroidal reductase inhibitor appr

  2025-02-05

  

  Finasteride (13) was the first steroidal 5α-reductase inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1992 for treatment of BPH. In fact, long term clinical studies with this drug demonstrated a sustained reduction of the prostatic specific antigen and an overall improvement in BH

• br Contemporary understanding for alcoholic cardiomyopathy

  2025-02-03

  

  Contemporary understanding for alcoholic cardiomyopathy Up-to-date, a number of theories are postulated for alcoholic cardiomyopathy including generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, neurohormonal overactivation (catecholamines and angiotensin II), apoptosis a

• Interestingly this situation might be changed by the

  2025-02-03

  

  Interestingly, this situation might be changed by the immunological context, in particular by the cytokines encountered during differentiation or activation. LPS-activation of bone marrow-derived DCs differentiated in GM-CSF decreases autophagy, CP2, and subsequent activation of CD4+ T cells (Fig. 2

• Reutericyclin This study evaluated the anti

  2025-02-03

  

  This study evaluated the anti-tumor influences of LA against HepG2 Reutericyclin in vivro, and investigated the molecular mechanisms of inducing apoptosis. Overall, our studies suggested that LA is a promising anti-cancer drug and a possible novel therapeutic agent directed toward the mitochondrial

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